Abstract: silicon crystal solar cells and LED, it is also formed by the PN junction, by their common component of the lighting system should be more meaningful "green semiconductor lighting."In this paper, semiconductors green lighting should be the task of the whole semiconductor industry. On such a new height to look at the future of mankind the true green lighting system, it should be: solar cells - light-emitting diode, or PN junction - PN junction of semiconductor green lighting systems. It is currently the world's lighting system can not be any comparable advantages: clean, no pollution, high efficiency and long life.
There is now a green light to the semiconductor understanding
In recent years, LED technology and the rapid development of global energy tensions, "the semiconductor lighting green" concept is more and more people accept. 2004, National Semiconductor Lighting Project Leading Group was set up coordination, the Ministry of Science and Technology in the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Education, the China Light Industry Federation, the institute jointly launched the beginning, such as semiconductor lighting project.
On the international front, General Electric, Philips and Osram have combined with semiconductor companies, the establishment of semiconductor lighting company. U.S. "laser world," said the author had: to 2025 white LED lighting market will account for more than 25 per cent share. 。 The industry is expected to 2005-2010 global LED lighting market size will exceed 1 billion U.S. dollars. Foreign reports have said: Five years after the semiconductor lights replaced 20 percent of the incandescent lamp. This estimate may be optimistic, but reveals the semiconductor lamp and the future prospects of growth potential.According to the statistics: if the Taiwan region and 25 percent of the incandescent lamp was all white LED to replace fluorescent lamps, an annual saving of 11 billion of electricity, equivalent to a nuclear power plant's supply capacity. As lighting consumption of the entire power consumption of 20 per cent of the global annual savings by using this source of power of 100 billion U.S. dollars, vigorously develop the white LED technology will be the protection of the environment and energy efficiency in an effective way. In the next 20 years, the use of solid-state lighting is used for lighting in the world to reduce electricity consumption 50 percent, and total global electricity consumption savings of 10% [1].
"Semiconductor green lighting" is the LED lighting, which is the current people's "green semiconductor lighting understanding."
2 solar and LED, are semiconductor devices
In recent years, and LED technology are advancing by leaps and bounds at the same time also the development of solar technology, although there are many types of solar cells, but in the entire field of photovoltaic power generation crystalline silicon solar cells because of the relative advantages of life, the conversion efficiency, performance, plays a dominant Is the status of crystalline silicon solar cells, by the people for the solar cell, crystal silicon solar cell is basically.
Silicon crystal solar cells is another kind of semiconductor devices, and LED, it is also formed by the PN junction, it is a large LED area than a few thousand times or even 000 times on the PN junction. It can achieve the life span of more than 25 years, the rich source of raw materials, high reliability, noise-free work. Solar energy from a battery as solar green energy, is a semiconductor device. It is simple, long life, is the inexhaustible energy of this century is the most promising source of energy. As the current solar cell prices were too high, or because of solar cells low efficiency, the power of small unit area, no suitable location installation of solar cells, which then could be resolved. And the LED technology, the development of solar cells are also encountered some temporary technical difficulties. Recalling humanity in 1954 to create a modern silicon solar cells, used in spacecraft in 1958, the early 1960s space solar cell design is mature. 。 After more than 10 years, solar cells are used in space. 1970s, the conversion efficiency of solar cells has been markedly improved, to the late 1970s, as manufacturing costs drop, the ground application of solar cells have also exceeded the number of space applications. Since the 1980s, crystal silicon solar cell efficiency from 18% to 25%, that is, the future of mankind main power comes from solar cells is entirely possible.
3 real semiconductor green lighting
It is estimated that after 10 years today, we used to power the lighting to be more than half of the solar energy. The power generation in human technology, solar photovoltaic power generation is really no pollution and can provide us with power technology. We all know, the solar cell is a huge PN junction, the solar energy into electric energy. LED is another can be converted to electric light of the PN junction, and its conversion efficiency in improving day after day, is said to be reached soon on the level of energy-saving lamps, and life can reach more than 100,000 hours, this from the PN junction -- PN junction of the lighting is the true sense of the green lighting. [2]
And the popularity of solar LED lighting and technological progress so that people can stand to look at another high degree of what is the real future of mankind green lighting. The most promising future green lighting system should be: solar cells - light-emitting diode, or PN junction - PN junction of semiconductor green lighting systems. It is currently the world's lighting system can not be any comparable advantages: clean, no pollution, high efficiency and long life. Their composition should have an independent semiconductor green lighting systems and network semiconductor and green lighting two:
3.1
It is characterized by system can operate independently from the power grid, the typical example is the prevalence of solar lights, solar Caoping Deng, household solar lighting system, its structure diagram as shown in Figure 1:
Figure 1 independent semiconductor green lighting system
Net 3.2 and green semiconductor lighting system
This is one of the most economical and practical solar photovoltaic power generation system. Solar power through the DC / AC inverter to the three-phase synchronous network, LED lighting when needed electricity from the power grid for electricity, because the system does not need batteries, high efficiency (the rechargeable battery discharge efficiency at 80 Percent), and not to worry about environmental pollution caused by batteries. The world's production of solar cells has been used for more than half of the network and power generation systems. Solar power generation in the application of advanced countries, such as Germany, Japan, solar power generation and networks have basically universal. In this case, LED lighting is already the semiconductor and network green lighting systems, not only people from the perspective of solar power generation to just concerned about this issue. ： Its structure diagram shown in Figure 2:
Figure 2 network and green semiconductor lighting system
4 semiconductor green lighting "Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow"
Will soon enter the stage of practical solar cell, solar lighting to be used in the field. In China, as early as in the early 1970s was the use of solar cells in the beacon lights on. Then, in order to solve a lighting problem in the power, solar energy lights on the emergence of more and more. Of course, that era because of the semiconductor LED light source has not yet universal, solar lights used in some of the light source is incandescent and fluorescent lamps, but at this stage for today's semiconductor green light to do a positive technical preparations.
In the 1990s, the semiconductor green light to enter the real rapid development period. A large number of solar cells and a combination of the LED traffic lights are widely used solar cells and a combination of the various LED lighting there. In particular, we should mention here that this area of a typical success - Cao Pingdeng solar energy, solar energy Caoping Deng is China's solar cells and a LED applications can not be ignored important branch.
In 2004 the export volume has more than 100 million, solar battery consumption volume of around 20 MW, LED 1-2 in the consumption of 100 million, the amount of solar and LED semiconductor lighting system consisting of both solar lighting or LED lighting is currently China's largest production volume. 1.2V small battery consumption will be over 100 million, this is definitely a people echocardiography statistics. Its production mainly in Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang coastal areas, it is by 0.2-0.3 W solar and 1-2 only LED components, among them a boost up the control and circuit connections, although the comparison circuit bodies Simple, but its semiconductor lighting to many Enlightenment, the proposed system needs to study and solve the problem:
1) suitable for high-powered LED efficiency solar cell research.
2) solar cells and LED semiconductor lighting system in micro-power controller, high efficiency, inverter research and power generation network technology research.
3) solar and LED semiconductor lighting system in an efficient, long-life Reserve Power Technology.
4) and high-efficiency LED lighting research.
5) between the solar and LED impedance matching study.
In addition, the Wuxi Sheung Tak solar power companies have also developed a dedicated semiconductor lighting control chips, and on this basis the design and manufacture of integrated semiconductor lighting module, its structure photo is Figure 3, from the pictures we can see It is a positive solar cells, the back is a "soft package" for the chip and semiconductor lighting control LED, so it particularly suitable for solar Caoping Deng, also suitable for lighting, and now it has been exported to Indonesia earthquake , For the victims of the use of lighting.
Figure 3 integration semiconductor lighting modules
。 October 2005, at the 15th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference, Sharp display their design on the back of the LED installation of solar glass curtain wall, this new type of solar and LED common component of the glass curtain wall In the General Assembly has aroused the concern of everyone, its structure photo is Figure 4.
Figure 4 solar glass curtain wall
Judging from the current technology, the popularity of solar cells is the major bottleneck prices higher. LED existence of a number of more technical issues, the commercialization of the white LED efficiency in the 20-30 Lm / W, and energy-saving lamps, than sodium lamp, are very far from another of its color well, although the service life of over Other sources long, but from the 100,000 hours of life are very far also. LED current successful application in various lights, screens and decorative lighting on the landscape, the true sense of the lighting still some way to go.
OLED (organic LED) technology to semiconductor lighting may also be a more promising space for development, we can face in a Zuoshang silicon thin film solar cells, and the other a face Zuoshang OLED film, the composition of the solar and LED lighting System, whether from the manufacturing process or from the price perspective there will be tremendous progress.
Solar cells are expected to beyond the astonishing speed of development.According to the scientists to conservative estimates, in the next 10 years, solar cell conversion efficiency to achieve an average of more than 20 percent, while prices dropped to half, that is, after 10 years today, we used to power the lighting may be half To the solar energy, reached from the PN junction to the PN junction real green lighting. We all know, the solar cell is a huge PN junction, the solar energy into electric energy. LED is another can be converted to electric light of the PN junction, and its conversion efficiency in improving day after day, is said to be reached soon on the level of energy-saving lamps, and life can reach more than 100,000 hours, this is the true sense of the Green lighting.
5 of the "PN junction - PN guitar" The Semiconductor green lighting the significance of the new concept
5.1 Semiconductor green lighting can be extended to the concept of access to energy
Through the above analysis we can believe that people's understanding of the semiconductor green lighting in the LED lighting is staying on the narrow green semiconductor lighting, as solar cells - this is a development potential of the semiconductor the emergence of new energy, we have every reason from the system Boost to examine semiconductor green lighting: It should be by the semiconductor power generation, control circuits from semiconductor and semiconductor LED light source composed of a no pollution, human ideal lighting system. We can also known as green broad semiconductor lighting.
5.2 in the two "PN junction" middle should have numerous "PN junction"
LED solar cells to the need for more complicated, or even very complex control circuits are connected, they are semiconductor devices is completed, that is, countless "PN junction to complete. Green in the independent semiconductor lighting system, the need for a battery Charge, discharge control, in order to satisfy LED low-voltage, constant current of the work, but also the high efficiency of the power supply voltage, current and transform many aspects such as automatic switching of control. Nets for the semiconductor and green lighting systems, DC / AC 3 Phase synchronous inverter, solar maximum operating point tracking (MPPT) devices, and in order to meet the LED low-voltage, constant current of the work of the high efficiency of the power supply voltage, current and transform many aspects such as automatic control switch is on Is essential. So we said, in solar cells and two LED "PN junction" middle should have numerous "PN junction," they formed a true semiconductor green lighting.
5.3 Semiconductor green lighting is the task of the entire semiconductor industry
LED lighting is not only green semiconductor research and development, production department's mandate. It should be silicon materials, manufacturing solar cells, solar cell component manufacturing, IC design and manufacturing, semiconductor device manufacturing and power LED research and development, the common task of the production sector. In particular system needs ASIC design is very important, and it is very urgent, using a common standard semiconductor integrated circuits to create green energy-saving lighting fixtures in terms of price, or are unable to meet the needs of the market.
References [1] G Jin high-brightness light-emitting diodes to illuminate the future of mankind. "Light and lighting" 2003 4 [2] HU Hui, and other semiconductor lighting of the development and application.